Matthew 7:13-14 & Matthew 21:1-17
Palm Sunday
We don’t usually hear these two
texts together, side by side: Jesus’ teaching about the wide and narrow gates
and his entry into Jerusalem through a gate, probably the Eastern or Golden
Gate, the one nearest the Mount of Olives.
But there is a connection between the text. In fact, I would suggest, one
edifies and illuminates the other. To
see this, we need fresh eyes.
As we’ve seen in this Lenten sermon
series on the Sermon on the Mount, there are many verses in the Sermon that are
taken out of context, and therefore carry distorted meanings. We like to lift
out and isolate texts—such as “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father
is perfect” (Mt. 5:4)—and then develop warped understandings of what we think
God expects from us (as we explored several weeks ago). The same is true for:
“Enter through the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and the road is easy that
leads to destruction, and there are many who take it. For the gate is narrow
and the road is difficult that leads to life, and there are few who find it”
(Mt. 7:13-14). These verses have
suffered from centuries of abuse, especially from preachers warning about
dissolute, depraved, and degenerate living. “Wide,” “easy,” “broad,” have become
Christian-code for loose morals. The “narrow” and “difficult” way is the way of
moral perfection, piety, and purity. Because we’re prone to reduce the
Christian gospel into a moralistic code of behavior, we assume that Jesus is warning
against bad behavior. Or we assume that
only those who are good make it through the narrow gate, that they’re the ones
that get to heaven, which means that because the road to destruction is wide,
most of humanity is destined for hell.
This, too, is another way the text has been read.
Every text of scripture has a
context. So if we put this text back into the context of the Sermon on the
Mount, which is the foundational text of Jesus’ preaching and teaching about
the kingdom of God, then everything changes.
And what does Jesus say earlier in the Sermon on the Mount, which we
explored last week? “Strive first, therefore, for the kingdom of God and God’s
righteousness” (Mt. 6:33).
Now what I’m going to say might sound
extreme, but I stand by it. It’s impossible to make any sense of Jesus’
preaching and teaching, impossible to make sense of his life, impossible to
make any sense of Palm Sunday, Holy Week, and Easter, without seeing that the
kingdom of God was at the very heart of Jesus’ mission and life. The basileia tou theou, in Greek. Basileia is difficult to translate.
Kingdom is correct, but because we
have no understanding what it’s like having a king or living in a kingdom, and
as Americans we have desire to have a king or live in a kingdom, the word
doesn’t mean much to us. It sounds
exotic, romantic, like something out of a fairytale.
Because of its masculine associations,
some like to drop the “g” out of “king” and refer to it as the kindom of God. That helps some, but I think it domesticates
the real power of this word; I understand its use and use it now and again, but
kindom sounds a little too folksy.
A better word might be realm. This picks up the spatial element
of the Greek; the root of the English word “basilica,” a building that has an
apse.
However, an even better translation, probably
the best translation is the word empire.
Now, I can’t imagine the Church ever using this word, but it’s crucial for us
to think of the kingdom in this way—especially when we’re praying, “Thy kingdom
come, thy will be done” (Mt. 6:10), for we are essentially praying for God’s
empire to come. That’s what Jesus wanted for us.
Jesus came proclaiming the empire of God,
he invited his disciples to flourish in God’s empire, he invites us to live in
God’s empire, and the Church itself was created to serve this empire. God’s empire is a power at work in the world,
an alien power that is always at odds with and stands against the powers that
be. Life in God’s empire is about justice and wholeness and healing, it’s the
way of love and redemption and human flourishing and welfare. God’s empire is
about life—all that makes for life and gives life, true life, calling people to
life, saving people from everything that hinders us from coming alive, or
threatens our lives or tries to destroy us. It’s a life of service, a life of
suffering love, a life of compassion, and kindness, and joy. And it’s this
life, the life of the kingdom, the life of God’s empire, which is the narrow
way, the narrow gate!
The Greek word “narrow,” stenos, can have a spatial dimension, but
it also has other association, such as cramped, confined, distressed, troubled,
even groaning. “Narrow” is also linked
in the Greek to the word “difficult,” which has associations of oppression,
affliction, and persecution.[1]
If this is what “narrow” and “difficult” mean, then it suggests that striving
after and entering the kingdom of God will entail affliction and struggle, and
even persecution from the powers that be who are always threatened by the power
of God. Didn’t Jesus say in the Beatitudes, “Blessed [or flourishing] are those
who are persecuted for righteousness, because theirs is the kingdom of
heaven. Blessed [or flourishing] are you
when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against
you falsely on my account” (Mt. 5: 10-11)? And we need to remember that in these blessing
statements, as well as everything in Sermon on the Mount, Jesus is talking
about himself. We learn who Jesus is
through his teaching; and he is what
he teaches. So that when Jesus talks about
the narrow gate, he’s really talking about himself. Jesus is the narrow gate. His life is the kingdom way, the empire way, the
difficult way, and we are summoned to enter it!
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1909-1945) took this
summons seriously. In his classic book The
Cost of Discipleship, a kind of training manual for seminarians in the
resistance movement against Hitler and the Third Reich (and note that “Reich”
is German for empire or kingdom.), we see that Bonhoeffer also understood the
entrance to life equated with Jesus and the demands he makes on us. “To confess,”
said Bonhoeffer, “and testify to the truth as it is in Jesus, and at the same
time to love the enemies of that truth, his enemies and ours, and to love them
with the infinite love of Jesus Christ, is indeed a narrow way. To believe,” said Bonhoeffer, “the promise of
Jesus that his followers shall possess the earth, and at the same time to face
our enemies unarmed and defenseless, preferring to incur injustice rather than
to do wrong ourselves, is indeed a narrow way. To see the weakness and wrong in
others, and at the same time refrain from judging them…. [This is a narrow
way.] The way is unutterably hard, and at every moment we are in danger of
straying from it.”[2]
Jesus said, “The road is difficult that leads
to life.” And this in this week that we call Holy, we see the cost of Jesus’
own discipleship to the kingdom. His journey
toward life begins on the other side of that gate. If we were traveling by foot
during Jesus’ time, imagine approaching a city far off in the distance, and
that city was your destination. To reach the gates of the city would mean in some
sense that you had arrived. Jesus tells
us, however, that when we approach the city that there’s a new destination on
the other side of the gate, something called “life.” We see this notion brilliantly illustrated in
John Bunyan’s Pilgrims Progress
(1678, 1684). Bunyan turns things inside
out. Pilgrim, the main character, approaches a gate, and with allusions to
Mathew 7, where Jesus says, “Knock, and the door will be opened for you” (Mt.
7:7), Pilgrim knocks at the gate and enters.
The gate marks not the end, but the beginning of a road, the beginning
of the journey.
Jesus is the narrow gate; he walks the
narrow way. Because his way is at odds with the powers of this world, his way
is the difficult and demanding way, the way of persecution, struggle,
resistance, and suffering. And during Holy
Week it all comes to a head, as we witness the clash of empires. And it’s Jesus’
heart—all that he is, body and soul,
thought and will and feeling and desire—his passion for God’s empire that
compels him “to set his face toward Jerusalem,” (Lk. 9:1) to walk through its
city gates, to take on the powers that be, to go straight to the temple, to
take on the religious leaders who were making a mockery of God’s demand for
worship and justice, to take on the hollow righteousness and false piety of the
Pharisees, to take on the leaders of the temple who were quick to placate the
Romans, and who were, thus, collaborating with empire, the empire of Rome.
And so, the political dimension is everywhere in this text, but it’s not
evident to us because we don’t expect to see it, maybe don’t want to see
it. For many years I didn’t see it, but
it’s there. We’ve been taught that this week
is about spiritual things, such as sin, and taking away the sin of the world
(Jn. 1:29). But we’ve forgotten that sin always has a public, social, political
dimension, as well as being personal or individual. The Church has a bad habit
of spiritualizing and sanitizing things, especially on Palm Sunday. It’s easy
to forget that, “Hosanna to the Son of David!” has enormous political
overtones. “Look, your king is coming to
you…” (Mt. 21:5)! This is an explosive
statement to make in a city that was already tinderbox. We think of “hosanna” as “praise,” but it’s a
Hebrew word that means “save” or “rescue.” So the crowds are shouting in the streets,
like at a demonstration:
Save us! Save
us! Rescue us! Son of David.
Save us! Save
us! Rescue us! Son of David.
Save us! Save
us! Rescue us! Son of David!
And
who was David? The shepherd-king. And who are they asking to be saved or
rescued from? The oppression of the Roman
Empire. [3]
And, remember: crucifixion was reserved for those who posed a threat to
the empire. Full stop.
So, sure there’s a spiritual dimension to
this week. Yes, the Spirit is at work—the Spirit is at work in and through
Jesus who suffers as king on behalf of this kingdom, to show us the way of God’s
kingdom, God’s empire, whose power the Caesars of the world, both then and now,
cannot see and will never understand, even though they give lip service to God
and sound religious and pious, surround themselves with people claiming to be
religious—they are not serving the kingdom. The Caesars cannot see and cannot
understand because the throne of King Jesus is not made of iron. It’s not an iron throne—and he’s not playing
games.[4]
His throne is a cross, and he wields his
power where Caesar least expects it: in weakness, in human brokenness, in cries
of dereliction and abandonment, in love that suffers, even in death—there, too,
he reigns and death has no hold over him.
Scripture tells us, “For the sake of the
joy that was set before him he endured the cross” (Heb. 12:2), high and lifted
up (Jn. 3:14-16), he took on the power of death and the grave (1 Cor.
15:54-55), as Paul tells us. On the cross, Christ was fighting against the
“principalities and powers,” as Paul said, fighting against “the rulers, against
the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against
the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places” (Philippians 6:12), against
the dark demonic forces that are always hell-bent on destroying and enslaving
and dehumanizing and even caging God’s people.
That’s what this week will bring.
It’s an enormous struggle of cosmic
proportions that continues to play itself out, even today. And resurrection or
Easter will mean little or nothing for us without knowing again (or perhaps the
first time), the cost—all that was
required for life, the demanding, difficult way of Christ: the narrow gate who continues
to lead us into life.
 |
| Marc Chagal (1887-1985), Le Christ et le peintre (Christ and the painter), 1951 (Vatican Museum) |
March 10: Are You Flourishing?
March 17: Becoming Salt & Light
March 24: Wholeness, Not Perfection
March 31: Matters of the Heart
April 7: Setting Priorities
April 14: The Narrow Gate
[1] Jonathan T.
Pennington, The Sermon on the Mount and
Human Flourishing: A Theological Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic,
2018), 273-274.
[2] Dietrich
Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship
(New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1961).
[3] John Dominic Cross, God & Empire: Jesus Against Rome, Then and Now (HarperSanFrancisco, 2007).
[4] Yes, this is
an allusion to George R. R. Martin’s The
Game of Thrones. The eighth and final season of the HBO production begins
on Palm Sunday evening, 14th April 2019.
